Not only sea pollution or ocean pollution, coastal pollution also has occurred on almost all beaches that become tourist attractions. Among the characteristics of coastal pollution that we can see immediately is the amount of garbage scattered along the coast. Another characteristic of polluted coasts is the presence of oil spills and disruption of the balance of coastal ecosystems. In order to prevent the happening of coastal pollution, we must know the causes of coastal pollution.
There are many things that can cause coastal pollution. These causes we are about to learn happen because of natural factors and also factors in human activity. Below are some of the causes of coastal pollution that have occurred in Indonesia.
1. Beach Abrasion
2. Logging of Mangrove Forests
Coastal communities have a bad habit of cutting down mangrove forests to be used as aquaculture. In addition, timber from mangrove trees is also sold and used as building foundations. These activities greatly disrupt regeneration and inhibit the succession process of mangrove forests. It causes abrasion and loss of some island ecosystems.
3. Pollution of Inorganic Waste
4. Over-Exploitation of Natural Resources
Forms of coastal exploitation include sand mining, coral reef mining, and over-exploitation of fish. Many fishermen use fishing equipment that is not environmentally friendly to get abundant fish catches.
This certainly damages coral reef habitat. The scarcity of coral reefs and the paucity of sea sand cause increased depth of shallow water so that ocean waves cannot be muted, and instead, get to the beach with considerable energy.
5. Beach Reclamation
Sea level rise that is not planned well can cause coastal areas around reclamation prone to sinking. In addition, sea water can rise to land so that ground water is contaminated and becomes salty. This is very detrimental to coastal communities, especially for those who grow crops.
Coastal pollution has a negative impact on the environment around the coast. Some of the impacts of coastal pollution that have occurred are:
1. Damage to Mangrove Ecosystems and Coral Reefs
Pollution of many coral reefs is caused by destructive fishing activities such as the use of explosives and toxic materials. In addition, coral mining activities, coastal reclamation, irresponsible tourism activities, and sedimentation due to increased erosion also contribute to exacerbating coral reef habitat.
2. Coast Damage
Pollution does not only damage or kill the biotic components of the waters, but it can also endanger health or even threaten the lives of humans who use polluted biota or waters. In addition, pollution can also reduce the beauty of marine and coastal waters affected by pollution.
3. Death of Biological Resources
So far, there are four water locations that experience cases of death of biological resources such as fish and green turtles. The main causes of these deaths are pollution, over-exploitation, and rising sea surface temperatures.
To prevent coastal pollution, the following activities can be carried out:
Those are the coastal pollution that is happening in our Earth. After reading this article, hopefully all of you can help to prevent this from going more severe.
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